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                                  CIRCLES, WHY USE THEM?
                                         MEL WHITE

          They say that the longest journey begins with a single step.  So, too,
          the exploration of Magickal studies begins with a single step.  Though
          the first step in  a physical journey is often self-evident, the First
          Step  on a  Magickal  journey is  often  not quite  so  clear.   While
          formally organized  groups often have  a path  of lessons to  instruct
          newcomers, the solitary  or isolated student is often left standing in
          perplexity  on this broad plain of  knowledge, wondering just where in
          the heck  to begin. And wondering,  too, if it's "okay"  to start just
          anywhere. 
           
          While it's true that studies can begin in any  direction that attracts
          you, the  necessary  first  step  must be  learning  to  make  psychic
          shields. There  are "Things  of the  Dark" out there.   There  are any
          number  of  explanations for  what  these  things  might be--  ghosts,
          demons,  or simply  uncontrolled urges  of the  subconscious  mind. In
          truth, it doesn't matter what they are. What does matter is that their
          effect is very real and  unless they are put under your  control, they
          will drag you over the borders of sanity into psychosis.  You are most
          vulnerable  to them  while you're  in an  "open" trance  or meditative
          state. That's why  the wise practitioner always begins by taking steps
          to define exactly what will be permitted  through the portals of their
          "psychic shields"-- no matter how simple the ritual.  And this, in 
          a nutshell, is what "protective magic" is about. 
           
          There are a number of ways to do this.  The most common is to begin by
          drawing a  circle (around a group or yourself) and invoking the one or
          more  protective powers.  Generally, this is  done by  candlelight, in
          front of  an altar that holds certain  magical objects. The circle may
          be further  "secured" and "cleared"  by using  salt, salt water,  rum,
          incense, or some other method.   You may be wearing a special robe and
          will have taken a bath ( or performed a cleansing ritual) earlier. The
          powers that protect you will be called on and THEN you will begin your
          ritual. 
           
          Is it  psychological?  Absolutely!   Is there a  reason why protection
          rituals always  take this form?   Positively!  Let's take  a step back
          and see what you're actually doing  and how the process works-- from a
          psychological  standpoint-- and how to use  this knowledge to help you
          refine your circles to enhance your rituals. 
           






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          Psychologists  and  psychics alike  view  the  mind's structure  as  a
          three-part entity: The ego (that which you  think of as yourself), the
          superego (the  "higher self") and the  Id (the child within).   The Id
          is, in  a sense, a computer.  Like most computers, it  operates on the
          "garbage in-garbage  out" principle.  There's an old  superstition "as
          you name something, so will it become." Tell yourself that you're very
          unlucky and your id will obligingly give you bad days by enhancing any
          negatives in your  environment. Tell yourself that you are clumsy, and
          your id-computer will obligingly arrange for you to break a  leg while
          stepping off  the sidewalk.  The bad news is  that the Id can't make a
          judgement  as to whether  or not this is  a good idea.   It only knows
          that it's received these "instructions" and  must carry them out.  The
          good  news is that you can  actually program/reprogram this portion of
          your mind. 
           
          You begin programming  this Internal Servant of yours by first drawing
          its attention  to what you want done and then explaining what you need
          done in  a simple and clear manner.    Repeating the instructions in a
          chant help fix the  goals for the Id-- rhymed chants seem to be easier
          for  it to process.  Each time you  perform the ritual  and repeat the
          chant,  the programming is strengthened.  Never mind that your ego and
          superego understand  that you're going  to program the  child-like Id.
          It works just the same. 
           
          To direct the Id's attention to the process, you first have to impress
          it.  Using special tools and clothing  alert it that something unusual
          is going  on and that it must pay attention.  Acquiring hard-to-obtain
          items,  drawing symbols,  performing  a  symbolic sacrifice  (donating
          money, say,  to a good  cause) are  all ways of  reinforcing the  Id's
          impression that this ceremony is very special and that the result will
          be  very  powerful.   Organized,  meaningful  symbols,  speak  to your
          subconscious mind  in ways it  understands, reinforcing the  goals you
          have set. 
           
          Drawing  the   circle  itself   establishes  boundaries   within  your
          environment ("The  rest of the world  can do what it  likes Out There.
          All within this  circle is in MY control!").  Purifying the circle and
          consecrating it  (sprinkling  water which  has been  blessed and  salt
          added) further enforce your territory, defining the borders where  you
          are  "safe".   Nothing  can enter  this area  except  what you  invite
          inside.   You  further  tighten these  borders by  calling  on certain
          Powers. 
           






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          You can call  on any powers you like.   Some use traditional Christian
          images. Others  call  up  deities  from the  religion  they  are  most
          comfortable  with. And many people use  the thought/image of a beam of
          light that  represents either God/Goddess (whichever one they like) OR
          The power of light and life and goodness in the Universe. 

          The number  of powers called as  guardians varies.  You  may choose to
          invoke one powerful being to protect your circle. Or you might call on
          the Universal Being/Light  AND four guardians (one for each quarter of
          the  compass). A  third approach  is to  use a  guardian for  the four
          quarters of  the compass and no higher being.  There is no "absolutely
          correct"  system;  the   correct  system  is  the  one  that  YOU  are
          comfortable with. 
           
          Take  time to  choose the  guardians  of your  circle carefully.   You
          should select guardians (gods or  animals or some form of  life) which
          have a deeper meaning to  you and whose qualities are in  harmony with
          your goals. For the new student, it's best to have all your Powers and
          Guardians from the same belief system/religion/mythic universe so that
          the symbols will be consistent and not confuse the Id. 
           
          You CAN use people-- saints, movie actors, figures from favorite books
          as guardians.  DO, however, pick  someone who's dead  or non-existent.
          The dead  can't argue with  your interpretation  of them, whereas  the
          living may be highly offended to be approached as gods/ guardians). 
           
          As your  studies continue, you will find that your totems or guardians
          change.   This is to  be expected; as  you explore new realms  in your
          studies, you may  find you need guardians who deal  with very specific
          areas to strengthen and guide you in these new fields. 
           
          But  don't make the mistake of assuming that you'll become so powerful
          that  you will  never  need the  protection of  the  psychic shielding
          circle in some form.  And don't assume that you will not need a circle
          for "positive"  magicks such as healing.   Open is open--  and open is
          vulnerable.   And circles strengthen and  protect you by defining what
          psychological influences will be allowed to work with you. 












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